Chair : Mr. Ingo KAUNDINYA, Chair of PIARC TC 4.4, Germany

Compared to the open road, tunnels are relatively vulnerable when it comes to availability for traffic, because of the many required safety measures to enable safe passage. Moreover, a traffic incident or fire in a tunnel often requires more time and effort to normalize the situation than on the open road. So, in the context of road tunnels, resilience could be described as the ability to keep the tunnel safely available for traffic, during various abnormal situations, like traffic incidents, technical malfunctions, extreme weather conditions, other natural and man-made hazards, or maintenance and refurbishments. In short, resilience is the ability to prepare for, adapt to and recover from abnormal events.
Papers in this session describe cases in which measures were planned and implemented to improve road tunnel resilience in general or for a specific road tunnel, focussed on events or circumstances that are particularly relevant for their situation or experience. Additionally first outputs of TC4.4 on tunnel resilience will be presented.